CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2021-22: Term 1 & 2

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Physics Class 12 Syllabus 2021-22

Physics is one of the most important subjects especially at class 11 and 12 standard. The topics included in the Physics Class 12 Syllabus are important for the final exam as well as competitive exams. Students preparing for both these exams are counsel to gain whole informality with the CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2021-2022 for term 1 and term 2. The master plan of exam preparation should be made according to the syllabus. This article represents the important units included in the class 12 Physics syllabus and the marks they will be carrying in the final exam.

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Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2021-22 Pdf Download

The first step towards the preparation of any exam is to gain the knowledge of its syllabus. Physics syllabus is very great in size and the students are put forward to revise the whole syllabus without gambol anything as all the topics are of much importance from the exam point of view. The syllabus of physics has live through many changes over the years and the students must check the latest syllabus for the same. Here, we provides the students the complete and the latest detail related to the CBSE class 12 Physics syllabus 2021-2022 for term 1 and term 2.

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Class 12 Physics Term 1 & 2 Syllabus 2021-22 for Term 1 & 2

Physics in class 12 is one of the important and interesting subjects which is to be covered in the board examinations. The basic concept in Class 12 Physics syllabus is building up for the betterment for further classes. The syllabus also covers the experiments which are essential for the practical classes.

Physics Class 12 Syllabus 2021-22: Mark Distribution

The important units included in the physics syllabus for class 12^th along with the periods and marks administer to them are provided in the table.

Class 12 syllabus: Unit wise marks distribution
No.	Title	Periods	Marks
Unit-1	Electrostatics	24	16
	Chapter – 1: Electric charges and Fields
	Chapter – 2: Electrostatics potential and Capacitance
Unit-2	Current Electricity	18
	Chapter – 3: Current Electricity
Unit-3	Magnetic effect of Current and Magnetism	22	17
	Chapter – 4: Moving charges and Mechanism
	Chapter – 5: Mechanism and Matter
Unit-4	Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents	20
	Chapter – 6: Electromagnetic Induction
	Chapter – 7: Alternating Currents
Unit-5	Electromagnetic Waves	04	18
	Chapter – 8: Electromagnetic Waves
Unit-6	Optics	27
	Chapter – 9: Ray Optics and Instruments
	Chapter – 10: Wave Optics
Unit-7	Dual Nature of Radiation and matter	08	12
	Chapter – 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Unit-8	Atoms and Nuclei	15
	Chapter – 12: Atoms
	Chapter – 13: Nuclei
Unit-9	Electronic devices
	Chapter – 14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials Devices and Simple Circuits	12	7
	Total	150	70

Class 12 CBSE Physics Syllabus 2021-22 for Term 1 & Term 2

Unit I: Electrostatics, 24 Periods

Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields

Electric Charges; Conservation of charge, Coulomb’s law-force between two point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution. Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in uniform electric field.

Electric flux, statement of Gauss’s theorem and its applications to find fields due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside).

Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field.

Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor. Dielectrics and electric polarisation, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor.

Unit II: Current Electricity (18 Periods)

Chapter–3: Current Electricity

Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current; Ohm’s law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (linear and nonlinear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity, Carbon resistors, colour code for carbon resistors; series and parallel combinations of resistors; temperature dependence of resistance.

Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff’s laws and simple applications, wheatstone bridge, metre bridge.

Potentiometer – principle and its applications to measure potential difference and for comparing EMF of two cells; measurement of internal resistance of a cell.

Unit III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism (22 Periods)

Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

Concept of magnetic field, Oersted’s experiment. Biot – Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop.

Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire. Straight and toroidal solenoids (only qualitative treatment), force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields, Cyclotron.

Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere, torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer-its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.

Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter

Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron, magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis, torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field; bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements.

Para-, dia- and ferro – magnetic substances, with examples. Electromagnets and factors affecting their strengths, permanent magnets.

Unit IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents (20 Periods)

Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s laws, induced EMF and current; Lenz’s Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual induction.

Chapter–7: Alternating Current

Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and impedance; LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits, power factor, wattless current. AC generator and transformer.

Unit V: Electromagnetic waves (04 Periods)

Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves

Basic idea of displacement current, Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, their Transverse nature (qualitative ideas only).

Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.

Unit VI: Optics (27 Periods)

Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Ray Optics: Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction of light, total internal reflection and its applications, optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lensmaker’s formula, magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction of light through a prism.

Scattering of light – blue colour of sky and reddish appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset.

Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.

Chapter–10: Wave Optics

Wave optics: Wavefront and Huygens principle, reflection and refraction of plane waves at a plane surface using wave fronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens principle. Interference, Young’s double slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light, diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum, resolving power of microscope and astronomical telescope, polarisation, plane polarised light, Brewster’s law, uses of plane polarised light and Polaroids.

Unit VII: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter (08 Periods)

Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric equation-particle nature of light. Experimental study of photoelectric effect

Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation, Davisson-Germer experiment (experimental details should be omitted; only conclusion should be explained).

Unit VIII: Atoms and Nuclei (15 Periods)

Chapter–12: Atoms

Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum.

Chapter–13: Nuclei

Composition and size of nucleus, Radioactivity, alpha, beta and gamma particles/rays and their properties; radioactive decay law, half-life and mean life.

Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number; nuclear fission, nuclear fusion.

Unit IX: Electronic Devices (12 Periods)

Chapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors and insulators (qualitative ideas only)

Semiconductor diode – I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier;

Special purpose p-n junction diodes: LED, photodiode, solar cell and Zener diode and their characteristics, zener diode as a voltage regulator.

Physics Class 12 Syllabus 2021-22: Course Structure

CLASS XII

EVALUATION SCHEME
PRACTICAL (TERM I and II)
Two experiments from each section	7 + 7 Marks
Practical record	5 marks
One activity from any section	3 marks
Project work	3 marks
Viva on experiment, activities and project	5 marks
Total	30 marks

Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2021-22: List of Experiments for term 1

Section – A

To determine resistivity of two / three wires by plotting a graph for potential difference versus current.
To find resistance of a given wire / standard resistor using metre bridge.
To verify the laws of combination (series) of resistances using a metre bridge.

To verify the laws of combination (parallel) of resistances using a metre bridge.

To compare the EMF of two given primary cells using a potentiometer.
To determine the internal resistance of a given primary cell using a potentiometer.
To determine resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method and to find its figure of merit.
To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into a voltmeter of desired range and to verify the same.

To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into an ammeter of desired range and to verify the same.

To find the frequency of AC mains with a sonometer.

Activities:

To measure the resistance and impedance of an inductor with or without iron core.
To measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), current (AC) and check continuity of a given circuit using a multimeter.
To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off) switches, a fuse and a power source.
To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit.
To study the variation in potential drop with length of a wire for a steady current.
To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery, resistor/rheostat, key, ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not connected in proper order and correct the circuit and also the circuit diagram.

CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2021-22: List of Experiment for term 2

Section – B

To find the value of v for different values of u in case of a concave mirror and to find the focal length.
To find the focal length of a convex mirror, using a convex lens.
To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or between 1/u and 1/v.
To find the focal length of a concave lens, using a convex lens.
To determine angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph between angle of incidence and angle of deviation.
To determine the refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.
To find the refractive index of a liquid by using a convex lens and plane mirror.
To draw the I-V characteristic curve for a p-n junction diode in forward bias and reverse bias.
To draw the characteristic curve of a zener diode and to determine its reverse breaks down voltage.

Activities

To identify a diode, an LED, a resistor and a capacitor from a mixed collection of such items.
Use of a multimeter to see the unidirectional flow of current in case of a diode and an LED and check whether a given electronic component (e.g., diode) is in working order.
To study the effect of intensity of light (by varying distance of the source) on an LDR.
To observe refraction and lateral deviation of a beam of light incident obliquely on a glass slab.
To observe polarization of light using two Polaroids.
To observe diffraction of light due to a thin slit.
To study the nature and size of the image formed by a (i) convex lens, (ii) concave mirror, on a screen by using a candle and a screen (for different distances of the candle from the lens/mirror).
To obtain a lens combination with the specified focal length by using two lenses from the given set of lenses.

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